Volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration is $:-$

The total lung capacity $(TLC)$ is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes:

$TLC = \ldots \ldots \ldots$

The lungs are made up of air-filled sacs,the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration because of:

Which of the following statements are correct with respect to vital capacity?
$(a)$ It includes $ERV, TV$ and $IRV$.
$(b)$ Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration.
$(c)$ The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after forced expiration.
$(d)$ It includes $ERV, RV$ and $IRV$.
$(e)$ The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

$TV + IRV + ERV = $ ........