What are the causes of cancer?
(N/A) The transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells can be induced by physical, chemical, and biological agents.
Cancer-causing agents are known as $Carcinogens$.
$1$. Physical agents: Ionizing radiations like $X$-rays and $\gamma$ rays, and non-ionizing radiations like $UV$ rays cause $DNA$ damage, leading to neoplastic transformation.
$2$. Chemical agents: Chemical carcinogens present in tobacco smoke are identified as a major cause of lung cancer.
$3$. Biological agents: Cancer-causing viruses, known as oncogenic viruses, possess genes called viral oncogenes. Additionally, normal cells contain genes called cellular oncogenes $(c-onc)$ or proto-oncogenes, which, when activated under certain conditions, lead to the oncogenic transformation of cells.
Cancer-causing agents are known as $Carcinogens$.
$1$. Physical agents: Ionizing radiations like $X$-rays and $\gamma$ rays, and non-ionizing radiations like $UV$ rays cause $DNA$ damage, leading to neoplastic transformation.
$2$. Chemical agents: Chemical carcinogens present in tobacco smoke are identified as a major cause of lung cancer.
$3$. Biological agents: Cancer-causing viruses, known as oncogenic viruses, possess genes called viral oncogenes. Additionally, normal cells contain genes called cellular oncogenes $(c-onc)$ or proto-oncogenes, which, when activated under certain conditions, lead to the oncogenic transformation of cells.
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$(A)$ Cancer cells show the property of contact inhibition.
$(B)$ Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body.
$(C)$ Metastasis is the most feared property of benign tumours.
$(D)$ $X$-rays and gamma rays can lead to neoplastic transformation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
$(A)$ Cancer cells show the property of contact inhibition.
$(B)$ Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body.
$(C)$ Metastasis is the most feared property of benign tumours.
$(D)$ $X$-rays and gamma rays can lead to neoplastic transformation.
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