(B) Free expansion is defined as the expansion of a gas into a vacuum. Since the external pressure $(P_{ext})$ is $0$,the work done $(w)$ by the syste

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Expansion against a vacuum $(P_{ext} = 0)$.

(B) Free expansion is defined as the expansion of a gas into a vacuum. Since the external pressure $(P_{ext})$ is $0$,the work done $(w)$ by the system is calculated as $w = -P_{ext} \Delta V$. Because $P_{ext} = 0$,the work done is $w = 0$. Therefore,free expansion refers to expansion against a vacuum.