What is the iris?

  • A
    $A$ transparent membrane covering the eye
  • B
    $A$ dark muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil
  • C
    The light-sensitive screen at the back of the eye
  • D
    The lens that focuses light on the retina

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$(a)$ State two main causes of a person developing near-sightedness. How can this defect be corrected?
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Due to atmospheric refraction of light,the Sun appears to rise $................$ its actual sunrise.

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