What is the nature of the bonding in anhydrou | vedclass

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(C) Many simple compounds of elements such as $AlCl_3, GaCl_3$ and $InCl_3$ are covalent while anhydrous, but in aqueous solution, these are ionic in

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

Covalent and ionic

Vedclass · Answer

(C) Many simple compounds of elements such as $AlCl_3, GaCl_3$ and $InCl_3$ are covalent while anhydrous, but in aqueous solution, these are ionic in nature.In anhydrous condition, the (charge/radius) ratio, i.e.,polarisability of $Al^{3+}$ is high and hence, according to Fajans' rule, $Al^{3+}$ polarises $Cl^{-}$ ions to a large extent, thereby introducing covalent character in the compound, i.e.,$AlCl_3$ behaves as a covalent compound in anhydrous conditions.In aqueous medium, the ions get hydrated because the amount of hydration enthalpy released exceeds the sum total of ionization enthalpy required.Since the (charge/radius) ratio of the hydrated aluminium ion is much smaller compared to that of $Al^{3+}$, the tendency of $[Al(H_2O)_6]^{3+}$ to polarise the hydrated $Cl^{-}$ ion decreases, and the resulting hydrated compound is ionic in nature.

What is the nature of the bonding in anhydrous $AlCl_3$ and hydrated $AlCl_3$ respectively?

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