What is the other name of near-sightedness?

Reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise or sunset is significantly due to

$A$ narrow beam $PQ$ of white light is passing through a glass prism $ABC$ as shown in the diagram.
Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed on the screen $DE$.
$(i)$ Write the name and cause of the phenomenon observed.
$(ii)$ Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed?
$(iii)$ Based on this observation,state the conclusion which can be drawn about the constituents of white light.

How many times is the wavelength of red light compared to the wavelength of blue light (in $\times$)?

Short-sightedness (myopia) is caused due to the elongation of the eyeball.

State one function each of iris,pupil,and cornea.