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(C) The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina $(Al_2O_3)$.In this process,bauxite ore is treated with

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$45$

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(C) The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina $(Al_2O_3)$.In this process,bauxite ore is treated with a hot concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide $(NaOH)$.The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution used is typically around $45\%$ by weight.This treatment dissolves the aluminum-bearing minerals to form sodium aluminate,while impurities like iron oxide remain as a solid residue (red mud).

What is the percentage concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used in the Bayer process (in $\%$)?

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