What is the type of delocalization involving $\sigma$ bond orbitals called?

Match column $-I$ and column $-II$ with the correct electronic effect relation:

Column $-I$	Column $-II$
$(i)$ $C_6H_5NH_2$	$(p)$ $-R$ effect
$(ii)$ $C_6H_5OH$	$(q)$ $+R$ effect
$(iii)$ $C_6H_5NO_2$	$(r)$ $+I$ effect
$(iv)$ $CH_3CH_2Cl$	$(s)$ $-I$ effect

In which of the following does the hyperconjugation effect operate?

The correct stability order of the following species is:

The functional group that shows negative resonance effect ($-R$ effect) is:

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: In $O_2N-C_6H_4-CH^+-C_6H_4-OCH_3$, the carbocation is stabilised by $+R$ effect of $-OCH_3$ group.
Statement $II$: In $O_2N-C_6H_4-CH^--C_6H_4-OCH_3$, the carbanion is stabilised by $-R$ effect of $-NO_2$ group.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: