What were the drawbacks of Rutherford's model of an atom?

$(a)$ Why are anode rays called canal rays?
$(b)$ Mention two postulates of $J. J.$ Thomson's model.
$(c)$ Compare the properties of protons and electrons.

Identify the most stable atom from the following. Also give a reason for your answer.
$Na_{11}^{23}, Cl_{17}^{35}, Al_{13}^{27}, Ar_{18}^{40}$

The ratio of the radii of a hydrogen atom and its nucleus is $\sim 10^5$. Assuming the atom and the nucleus to be spherical,
$(i)$ What will be the ratio of their sizes (volumes)?
$(ii)$ If the atom is represented by the planet Earth $(R_e = 6.4 \times 10^6 \, m)$,estimate the size of the nucleus.

The average atomic mass of a sample of an element $y$ is $35.5 \,u$. What are the percentages of isotopes $_{17}^{37}y$ and $_{17}^{35}y$ in the sample?

$A, B$ and $C$ are three metals with atomic numbers $4, 11$ and $13$ respectively. Arrange the metals in the increasing order of their valency.