When two spheres having $4 Q$ and $-2 Q$ charge are placed at a certain distance,the force acting between them is $F$. Now they are connected by a conducting wire and again separated from each other. Now they are kept at a distance half of the previous one. The force acting between them is . . . . . . .

  • A
    $\frac{F}{2}$
  • B
    $F$
  • C
    $\frac{F}{4}$
  • D
    $\frac{F}{8}$

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Answer carefully:
$(a)$ Two large conducting spheres carrying charges $Q_{1}$ and $Q_{2}$ are brought close to each other. Is the magnitude of electrostatic force between them exactly given by $Q_{1} Q_{2} / 4 \pi \varepsilon_{0} r^{2}$,where $r$ is the distance between their centres?
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$(c)$ $A$ small test charge is released at rest at a point in an electrostatic field configuration. Will it travel along the field line passing through that point?
$(d)$ What is the work done by the field of a nucleus in a complete circular orbit of the electron? What if the orbit is elliptical?
$(e)$ We know that electric field is discontinuous across the surface of a charged conductor. Is electric potential also discontinuous there?
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