Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?
$(a)$ Evaporation of petrol
$(b)$ Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas $(LPG)$
$(c)$ Heating of an iron rod to red hot
$(d)$ Curdling of milk
$(e)$ Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride

Complete the missing components/variables given as $x$ and $y$ in the following reactions:
$(a)$ $Pb(NO_3)_2(aq) + 2KI(aq) \longrightarrow PbI_2(x) + 2KNO_3(y)$
$(b)$ $Cu(s) + 2AgNO_3(aq) \longrightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2(aq) + x(s)$

Write the essential condition for the following reaction to take place: $2 AgCl \rightarrow 2 Ag + Cl_{2}$ and write one use of this reaction.

Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions:
$(a) Pb_{3}O_{4} + 8HCl \longrightarrow 3PbCl_{2} + Cl_{2} + 4H_{2}O$
$(b) 2Mg + O_{2} \longrightarrow 2MgO$
$(c) CuSO_{4} + Zn \longrightarrow Cu + ZnSO_{4}$
$(d) V_{2}O_{5} + 5Ca \longrightarrow 2V + 5CaO$
$(e) 3Fe + 4H_{2}O \longrightarrow Fe_{3}O_{4} + 4H_{2}$
$(f) CuO + H_{2} \longrightarrow Cu + H_{2}O$

The coating formed on the metals such as iron, silver, and copper after corrosion will be:

$A$ metal $P$,when exposed to moist air for a longer period of time,loses its shiny brown surface and gains a green coat. Why has this happened? Identify the metal. Write the name and chemical formula of this green-coloured compound. List two ways to prevent this process.