Which of the following animals can be formed without fertilization?

Barr body in mammals represents

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$ (Mechanism of Sex Determination)	Column-$II$ (Example)
$P$. $XO$ type	$I$. Grasshopper
$Q$. Haplo-diploid mechanism	$II$. Drosophila
$R$. $XY$ type	$III$. Honey bee

In human females,Barr bodies are formed by:

Assertion : In humans,the gamete contributed by the male determines whether the child produced will be male or female.
Reason : Sex in humans is a polygenic trait depending upon a cumulative effect of some genes on $X-$ chromosome and some on $Y-$ chromosome.

In humans,sex determination is caused by: