Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light when light from a point source is incident on it?

An object is situated at $8 \, cm$ from a convex lens of focal length $10 \, cm$. Find the position and nature of the image. Draw a ray diagram to illustrate the formation of the image (not to scale).

$(a)$ For the same angle of incidence $45^{\circ}$,the angle of refraction in two transparent media $I$ and $II$ is $20^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ respectively. Out of $I$ and $II$,which medium is optically denser and why?
$(b)$ Light enters from air to diamond,which has a refractive index of $2.42$. Calculate the speed of light in diamond,if the speed of light in air is $3.00 \times 10^{8} \text{ m s}^{-1}$.

Which of the lenses with focal lengths $10 \, cm$,$20 \, cm$,$25 \, cm$,and $50 \, cm$ has the maximum power (in $, cm$)?

Give one use of a concave lens.

Which symbol is used for the refractive index?