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(A) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Groups that

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Phenol

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(A) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring (via resonance or induction) increase electron density and thus increase reactivity. Groups that withdraw electrons from the ring decrease electron density and thus decrease reactivity. $1$. $-OH$ group: Shows a strong $+R$ (resonance) effect,which significantly increases the electron density of the benzene ring,making it highly reactive. $2$. Benzene: Has no substituent,serving as the reference. $3$. $-Cl$ group: Shows a $-I$ (inductive) effect,which withdraws electron density,making it less reactive than benzene. $4$. $-NO_2$ group: Shows a strong $-R$ (resonance) effect,which strongly withdraws electron density,making it the least reactive. Therefore,the order of reactivity is: $	ext{Phenol} > 	ext{Benzene} > 	ext{Chlorobenzene} > 	ext{Nitrobenzene}$. Thus,phenol is the most reactive.

Which of the following compounds is most reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution?

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