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(D) The reactivity of a benzene ring towards an electrophilic substitution reaction depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate el

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Phenol

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(D) The reactivity of a benzene ring towards an electrophilic substitution reaction depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring (via resonance or inductive effect) increase the electron density,making it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. - In $C_6H_6$ (Benzene),there is no substituent. - In $C_6H_5CH_3$ (Toluene),the $-CH_3$ group is electron-donating via the inductive effect and hyperconjugation. - In $C_6H_5Cl$ (Chlorobenzene),the $-Cl$ group is electron-withdrawing via the inductive effect,although it donates electrons via resonance. - In $C_6H_5OH$ (Phenol),the $-OH$ group is strongly electron-donating via resonance (+$M$ effect),which significantly increases the electron density of the benzene ring. Therefore,phenol is the most reactive towards electrophilic attack.

Which of the following compounds will most easily be attacked by an electrophile?

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