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(D) Genetic research has utilized various model organisms based on the specific biological questions being addressed.$1$. $Pisum$ $sativum$ (Garden pe

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All of the above

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(D) Genetic research has utilized various model organisms based on the specific biological questions being addressed.$1$. $Pisum$ $sativum$ (Garden pea) was used by Gregor Mendel to establish the fundamental laws of inheritance.$2$. $Neurospora$ $crassa$ (a bread mold) is a classic model organism in genetics,particularly for studying biochemical pathways and gene function due to its haploid life cycle.$3$. $Escherichia$ $coli$ ($E.$ $coli$) is the most widely used prokaryotic model organism for studying molecular genetics,$DNA$ replication,and gene regulation.Since all three organisms have historically and currently been significant in genetic research,the correct answer is $D$.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Lactose	$(i)$ Functional part of the gene
$(b)$ Release factor	$(ii)$ Inducer of $Lac$ operon
$(c)$ Histone	$(iii)$ Packaging of $\text{DNA}$
$(d)$ Exon	$(iv)$ Termination of translation

Which of the following organisms has been used for genetic research?

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Match Column-$I$ with Column-$II$:

Column-$I$ Column-$II$

$(a)$ Lactose $(i)$ Functional part of the gene

$(b)$ Release factor $(ii)$ Inducer of $Lac$ operon

$(c)$ Histone $(iii)$ Packaging of $\text{DNA}$

$(d)$ Exon $(iv)$ Termination of translation

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