Which of the following is found in the algal zone of $Cycas$ coralloid roots?

Which plant's roots form a mycorrhizal association that is essential for its growth?

Assertion $(A)$: The scale leaves of $Araucaria$ are small and brown.
Reason $(R)$: The gametophyte stage of $Araucaria$ is long-lived and subterranean.
Which option is correct for Assertion $(A)$ and Reason $(R)$?

The gametophytes of $Pinus$ are protected from desiccation by living in

$A$ member of $Plantae$ having endospermic,perispermic,polycotyledonous,and winged seeds is also related to:

With respect to the life cycle of $Pinus$,considering the formation of the female cone in the summer of year $0$,when does fertilization occur?