Which of the following is most appropriately defined?

Which of the following is an example of a defense used by plants against herbivores?
$I.$ Production of caffeine,tannin,quinine
$II.$ More production of non-woody tissues
$III.$ Production of hairs,thorns,spines
$IV.$ Production of hormone-like chemicals that interfere with insect metamorphosis
Select the correct pair.

While living in and on the host species, the animal parasite has evolved certain adaptations. Describe these adaptations with examples.

Which of the following statements regarding species interdependence are true?
$I.$ An association of two species where one is benefited and the other remains unaffected is called mutualism.
$II.$ An interspecific association where both partners derive benefit from each other is called commensalism.
$III.$ $A$ direct food relation between two species of animals in which one animal kills and feeds on another is referred to as predation.
$IV.$ $A$ relationship between two species of organisms where both partners are benefited from each other is called symbiosis.

Identify the correct adaptations of parasites from the following list:
$a.$ Loss of unnecessary sense organs
$b.$ Presence of adhesive organs
$c.$ Presence of suckers
$d.$ High reproductive capacity
$e.$ Well-developed digestive system
Choose the correct option with respect to parasites.

Birds living in the same habitat generally differ in their niches because they . . . . . . .