Which of the following is most reactive towar | vedclass

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(B) The reactivity of a benzene ring towards an electrophile depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring (ac

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Aniline $(C_6H_5NH_2)$

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(B) The reactivity of a benzene ring towards an electrophile depends on the electron density of the ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring (activating groups) increase reactivity,while groups that withdraw electrons (deactivating groups) decrease reactivity.$1$. The $-NH_2$ group in aniline is a strong electron-donating group due to its lone pair of electrons,which it donates to the benzene ring through resonance ($+M$ effect).$2$. The $-OH$ group in phenol is also an electron-donating group,but it is less activating than the $-NH_2$ group because oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen.$3$. The $-CH_3$ group in toluene is weakly activating due to hyperconjugation and inductive effect ($+I$ effect).$4$. The $-NO_2$ group in nitrobenzene is a strongly deactivating group due to its strong electron-withdrawing nature ($-M$ and $-I$ effects).Since the $-NH_2$ group provides the highest electron density to the ring,aniline is the most reactive towards electrophilic substitution.

Which of the following is most reactive towards electrophile?

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