Which of the following is strongly acidic?

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Question

(C) The acidity of phenols is due to the greater resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion relative to phenol. Electron withdrawing groups $(EWG)$

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$p$-nitrophenol

Vedclass · Answer

(C) The acidity of phenols is due to the greater resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion relative to phenol. Electron withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ like $-NO_{2}$ stabilize the phenoxide ion by dispersing the negative charge,which increases the acidity of phenols.Conversely,electron donating groups $(EDG)$ like alkyl groups destabilize the phenoxide ion by intensifying the negative charge,which decreases the acidic strength of phenols.Since the methyl group has a $+I$ effect,which is stronger at the $o$-position than at the $p$-position (as the $+I$ effect decreases with distance),$o$-cresol is a weaker acid than $p$-cresol.Therefore,the order of acidic strength is: $p$-nitrophenol $>$ phenol $>$ $p$-cresol $>$ $o$-cresol.

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