Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a concave mirror as shown in Figure?

$(a)$ Define the optical centre of a spherical lens.
$(b)$ You are given a convex lens of focal length $30 \, cm$. Where would you place an object to get a real,inverted,and highly enlarged image of the object? Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation.
$(c)$ $A$ concave lens has a focal length of $20 \, cm$. At what distance from the lens should an object be placed so that it forms an image at $15 \, cm$ away from the lens?

What is the angle of incidence for a light ray incident on a glass slab such that it does not undergo refraction (in $^{\circ}$)?

Which lens can be used as a magnifying glass? For which position of the object does a convex lens form:
$(a)$ a virtual and erect image?
$(b)$ a real and inverted image of the same size as that of the object?
Draw labelled ray diagrams to show the formation of the required image in each of the above two cases.

The image of a candle flame formed by a lens is obtained on a screen placed on the other side of the lens. If the image is three times the size of the flame and the distance between the lens and the image is $80 \, cm$,at what distance should the candle be placed from the lens? What is the nature of the image at a distance of $80 \, cm$ from the lens (in $, cm$)?

An object is placed at a distance of $40\, cm$ in front of a concave mirror of focal length $20\, cm$. The image produced is