Which of the following statements is correct for an $n$-type semiconductor?

  • A
    The donor energy level lies closely above the top of the valence band.
  • B
    The donor energy level lies at the halfway mark of the forbidden energy gap.
  • C
    The donor energy level does not exist.
  • D
    The donor energy level lies just below the bottom of the conduction band.

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$A$ pure semiconductor crystal has $5 \times 10^{22}$ atoms per $cm^3$. It is doped by $1$ ppm concentration of pentavalent element. The number of holes in the doped semiconductor is (given that $n_i = 1.5 \times 10^{10} cm^{-3}$):

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