Which of the following undergoes nitration fa | vedclass

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(A) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Group

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$C_6H_5NH_2$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Groups that donate electrons to the ring (activating groups) increase the rate of nitration,while groups that withdraw electrons (deactivating groups) decrease the rate.$1$. $C_6H_5NH_2$ (Aniline): The $-NH_2$ group has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom,which it donates to the benzene ring through resonance ($+R$ effect). This strongly activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.$2$. $C_6H_5N^+(CH_3)_3$: The $-N^+(CH_3)_3$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group due to its positive charge ($-I$ effect),which deactivates the ring.$3$. $C_6H_5CH_2N^+(CH_3)_3$ and $C_6H_5CH_2CH_2N^+(CH_3)_3$: These also contain electron-withdrawing groups ($-I$ effect) attached to the ring,which deactivate the ring.Therefore,$C_6H_5NH_2$ is the most activated and undergoes nitration fastest.

Which of the following undergoes nitration fastest?

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