Which of these enzymes is required to cleave a plasmid?

Pathogenic bacteria gain resistance to antibiotics due to changes in their:

Refer to the following statements for agarose-gel electrophoresis :
$(a)$ Agarose is a natural polymer obtained from sea-weed.
$(b)$ The separation of $DNA$ molecules in agarose-gel electrophoresis depends on the size of $DNA$.
$(c)$ The $DNA$ migrates from negatively-charged electrode to the positively-charged electrode.
$(d)$ The $DNA$ migrates from positively-charged electrode to the negatively-charged electrode.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

In the gene gun method used to introduce alien $DNA$ into host cells,microparticles of which metal are used?

Which of the following is not a palindromic $DNA$ sequence?

To isolate $DNA$ from fungi, the cell wall must be broken down. This process is carried out by which of the following enzymes?