Which of the following is the least alkaline?

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Question

(A) The basicity of aromatic amines depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$p-Nitroaniline$ $(O_2N-C_6H_4-NH_2)$

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(A) The basicity of aromatic amines depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ decrease the electron density on the nitrogen atom,thereby reducing basicity.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase the electron density on the nitrogen atom,thereby increasing basicity.In $p-Nitroaniline$,the $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect),which significantly decreases the electron density on the nitrogen atom,making it the least alkaline among the given options.

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