Which process is used to obtain products like cheese and yogurt?

$A$ vibratory motion is represented by $x = 2A \cos \omega t + A \cos (\omega t + \frac{\pi}{2}) + A \cos (\omega t + \pi) + \frac{A}{2} \cos (\omega t + \frac{3\pi}{2})$. The resultant amplitude of the motion is:

If $(a+bx)^{-3} = \frac{1}{27} + \frac{1}{3}x + \dots$,then the ordered pair $(a, b)$ equals to

Which of the following is a group of blue-green algae that acts as a biofertilizer?

$A$ chloro compound of Vanadium has a spin-only magnetic moment of $1.73 \, BM$. This Vanadium chloride has the formula:

What is the equivalent weight of hydrochloric acid in the given redox reaction?
$MnO_2 + 4HCl \to MnCl_2 + 2H_2O + Cl_2$
If the molar mass of hydrochloric acid is $M$.