Which type of stimulus is used to achieve parthenogenic development?

Select the correct statement.

Assertion : Death is one of the important regulatory processes on earth.
Reason : It avoids over-crowding caused by continuous reproduction.

Select the correct option for external fertilization.

Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched while the remaining three are correct?

In bacteria,fungi,and lower plants,various thick-walled $A$ are formed,which help them to survive $B$ conditions; these germinate on the availability of a suitable environment. In higher plants,$C$ and some other vegetative reproductive structures serve as means to tide over periods of stress besides helping in dispersal; they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperature conditions. Choose the correct option for $A, B$,and $C$.