Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates from rest?

$A$ $8000 \,kg$ engine pulls a train of $5$ wagons,each of $2000 \,kg$,along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of $40000 \,N$ and the track offers a friction force of $5000 \,N$,then calculate the net accelerating force (in $N$).

Two objects,each of mass $1.5\, kg$,are moving in the same straight line but in opposite directions. The velocity of each object is $2.5\, m/s$ before the collision during which they stick together. What will be the velocity (in $m/s$) of the combined object after collision?

Akhtar, Kiran, and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum compared to the motorcar. Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. Rahul said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and the same change in momentum. Comment on these suggestions.

Which of the following has more inertia: $(a)$ a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? $(b)$ a bicycle and a train? $(c)$ a five-rupee coin and a one-rupee coin?

$A$ motorcar of mass $1200\, kg$ is moving along a straight line with a uniform velocity of $90\, km/h$. Its velocity is slowed down to $18\, km/h$ in $4\, s$ by an unbalanced external force. Calculate the acceleration and change in momentum. Also,calculate the magnitude of the force required.