Why do transition elements form coloured compounds?
(N/A) Most of the compounds of transition elements are coloured. This can be explained by $d-d$ transition.
In the presence of combining molecules or anions called ligands,the $d$-orbital loses its degeneracy and splits into two sets of orbitals,typically $e_g$ $(d_{x^2-y^2}, d_{z^2})$ and $t_{2g}$ $(d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{xz})$,depending upon the geometry of the complex.
These sets of orbitals have different energies after splitting. When an electron from a lower energy $d$-orbital is excited to a higher energy $d$-orbital,the energy of excitation corresponds to the frequency of light absorbed from the visible region,resulting in the complementary colour being observed.
In the presence of combining molecules or anions called ligands,the $d$-orbital loses its degeneracy and splits into two sets of orbitals,typically $e_g$ $(d_{x^2-y^2}, d_{z^2})$ and $t_{2g}$ $(d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{xz})$,depending upon the geometry of the complex.
These sets of orbitals have different energies after splitting. When an electron from a lower energy $d$-orbital is excited to a higher energy $d$-orbital,the energy of excitation corresponds to the frequency of light absorbed from the visible region,resulting in the complementary colour being observed.
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MediumNEET 2019
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