Write a note on the halogen compounds containing $sp^{3} C - X$ bonds with examples.
(N/A) Halogen compounds containing $sp^{3} C - X$ bonds are those in which the halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^{3}$-hybridised carbon atom. These include:
$1$. Alkyl halides $(R-X)$: The halogen atom is bonded to an alkyl group. Examples include $CH_3-CH_2-X$ (Ethyl halide).
$2$. Allylic halides: The halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^{3}$-hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond $(C=C)$. Example: $CH_2=CH-CH_2-X$.
$3$. Benzylic halides: The halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^{3}$-hybridised carbon atom attached to an aromatic ring. Example: $C_6H_5-CH_2-X$.
$1$. Alkyl halides $(R-X)$: The halogen atom is bonded to an alkyl group. Examples include $CH_3-CH_2-X$ (Ethyl halide).
$2$. Allylic halides: The halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^{3}$-hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond $(C=C)$. Example: $CH_2=CH-CH_2-X$.
$3$. Benzylic halides: The halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^{3}$-hybridised carbon atom attached to an aromatic ring. Example: $C_6H_5-CH_2-X$.
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Column-$I$ (Structure) Column-$II$ (Common Name) Column-$III$ ($IUPAC$ Name) $A$. $o$-Chlorotoluene $i$. Bromoform $p$. Chlorophenylmethane $B$. Benzyl chloride $ii$. Benzyl chloride $q$. $2$-Chlorotoluene $C$. $CH_3CH_2CHClCH_3$ $iii$. sec-Butyl chloride $r$. Tribromomethane $D$. $CHBr_3$ $iv$. $o$-Chlorotoluene $s$. $2$-Chlorobutane
| Column-$I$ (Structure) | Column-$II$ (Common Name) | Column-$III$ ($IUPAC$ Name) |
| $A$. $o$-Chlorotoluene | $i$. Bromoform | $p$. Chlorophenylmethane |
| $B$. Benzyl chloride | $ii$. Benzyl chloride | $q$. $2$-Chlorotoluene |
| $C$. $CH_3CH_2CHClCH_3$ | $iii$. sec-Butyl chloride | $r$. Tribromomethane |
| $D$. $CHBr_3$ | $iv$. $o$-Chlorotoluene | $s$. $2$-Chlorobutane |
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