Explain the types of inductive effect.

(N/A) The inductive effect is the permanent displacement of shared electron pairs along a carbon chain due to the difference in electronegativity of the atoms or groups attached to the chain.
It is classified into two types:
$1$. Negative Inductive Effect ($-I$ effect): When an atom or group attached to the carbon chain is more electronegative than carbon,it attracts the shared pair of electrons towards itself. Examples include $-NO_2$,$-CN$,$-COOH$,$-F$,$-Cl$,$-Br$,and $-I$.
$2$. Positive Inductive Effect ($+I$ effect): When an atom or group attached to the carbon chain is less electronegative (or electron-donating) compared to carbon,it pushes the electron density away from itself towards the carbon chain. Examples include alkyl groups like $-CH_3$,$-C_2H_5$,and $-CH(CH_3)_2$.