State the law of conservation of total linear momentum for a system of particles.

$A$ body of mass $14 \ kg$ initially at rest explodes and breaks into three fragments of masses in the ratio $2:2:3$. The two pieces of equal masses fly off perpendicular to each other with a speed of $18 \ m/s$ each. The velocity of the heavier fragment is . . . . . . $m/s$.

$A$ projectile moving with velocity $v$ in space bursts into $2$ parts with masses in the ratio $1 : 3$. The smaller part becomes stationary. What is the velocity of the other part?

$A$ trolley of mass $1000\, kg$ is moving with a velocity of $50\, km/h$. If a mass of $250\, kg$ is added to it,what will be the new velocity in $km/h$?

$A$ man fires a bullet of mass $200 \,g$ at a speed of $5 \,m/s$. The gun has a mass of $1 \,kg$. With what velocity does the gun recoil backwards?

$A$ cat with mass $m_c$ is sitting at rest on the left plank of a pair of identical planks. Each plank has mass $m_s$ and they rest on frictionless ice. Suddenly,the cat leaps to the right plank,traveling with a horizontal speed $v_{cg}$ measured with respect to the ground. The instant the cat reaches the right plank,it turns around and leaps back to the left plank. The horizontal component of the cat's speed is again $v_{cg}$ measured with respect to the ground. The final speed of the right plank in terms of the masses of the cat and planks and the cat's leaping speed is (The cat remains on the left plank after its return).