The given diagram represents the response of organisms to abiotic factors. What do $i, ii,$ and $iii$ represent respectively?
| $i$ | $ii$ | $iii$ |

Read the given statements and identify the correct and incorrect ones.
$(1)$ The exponential growth curve can be calculated using the formula $N_t = N_0 e^{rt}$.
$(2)$ Bamboo and salmon fish show the production of offspring only once during their entire lifespan.
$(3)$ In the amensalism type of interaction,one species is harmed and the other species receives no benefit or harm.
$(4)$ $A$ competitively superior species eliminates the inferior species in a habitat.

The significance of the study of population is to understand:

Match Column-$I$ with Column-$II$ and select the correct option.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Mutualism	$(i)$ Potent force of organic evolution
$(b)$ Orchid	$(ii)$ Negative interaction
$(c)$ Parasitism	$(iii)$ Beneficial interaction
$(d)$ Competition	$(iv)$ No harm to the host

Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Earthworm	$(i)$ Birth-rate
$(b)$ Succession	$(ii)$ Pioneer species
$(c)$ Population rise	$(iii)$ Pollination
$(d)$ Ecological services	$(iv)$ Saprotrophs

Match the following columns regarding physiological adaptations in organisms:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Diapause	$(i)$ Inactive stage during summer
$(b)$ Hibernation	$(ii)$ Inactive stage during winter
$(c)$ Dormancy	$(iii)$ Temporary suspension of development
$(d)$ Aestivation	$(iv)$ Reduced metabolic state during unfavorable conditions