$(R)-2-$octyl tosylate is solvolyzed in water under ideal $S_{N}1$ conditions. The product$(s)$ will be

Predict the order of reactivity of the following four isomers towards $S_{N}2$ reaction.
$(I)$ $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}Cl$
$(II)$ $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(Cl)CH_{3}$
$(III)$ $(CH_{3})_{2}CHCH_{2}Cl$
$(IV)$ $(CH_{3})_{3}CCl$

Match the reactions in List-$I$ with the features of their products in List-$II$ and choose the correct option.
| List-$I$ | List-$II$ |
| :--- | :--- |
| $(P)$ $(-)-1$-Bromo-$2$-ethylpentane $\xrightarrow{aq. NaOH, S_N2}$ | $(1)$ Inversion of configuration |
| $(Q)$ $(-)-2$-Bromopentane $\xrightarrow{aq. NaOH, S_N2}$ | $(2)$ Retention of configuration |
| $(R)$ $(-)-3$-Bromo-$3$-methylhexane $\xrightarrow{aq. NaOH, S_N1}$ | $(3)$ Mixture of enantiomers |
| $(S)$ $(3S, 5S)-5$-bromo-$3$-methylheptane $\xrightarrow{aq. NaOH, S_N1}$ | $(4)$ Mixture of structural isomers |
| | $(5)$ Mixture of diastereomers |

$2-$Bromobutane on heating with alcoholic $KOH$ forms

Among the following,which will readily undergo $S_{N}2$ reaction?

What is $A$ in the following reaction?
$3\text{-iodobenzyl chloride} \xrightarrow{NaCN, DMF} A$