What is $A$ in the following reaction?
$Cyclopropyl bromide \xrightarrow[(ii) CO_2, (iii) H_3O^+]{(i) Mg, Et_2O} A$

In the reaction sequence,$C_2H_5Cl + KCN$ $\xrightarrow{C_2H_5OH} X$ $\xrightarrow{H_3O^{\oplus}, \Delta} Y$. What is the molecular formula of $Y$?

Find product $V$ in the following reaction sequence:
$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-COOH$ $\xrightarrow[H_3O^{+}]{LiAlH_4} I$ $\xrightarrow{PBr_3} II$ $\xrightarrow[ether]{Mg} III$ $\xrightarrow{CO_2} IV$ $\xrightarrow{H_3O^{+}} V$

Write the method of preparation of carboxylic acid compounds from ester compounds,with suitable examples.

Benzoyl chloride is prepared from benzoic acid by:

Toluene on reaction with reagent $A$ gives $X$. This $(X)$ forms $2,4-$dinitrophenylhydrazone and reduces ammonical silver nitrate solution. Reaction of toluene with another reagent $B$ forms $Y$,which dissolves in $NaHCO_3$ with evolution of $CO_2$. What are $A$ and $B$ respectively?