Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing due to . | vedclass

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(C) Alkyl groups (like $-CH_3$) are electron-donating groups.They exhibit the inductive effect ($+I$ effect) and hyperconjugation.Hyperconjugation inv

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Resonance effect through hyperconjugation

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(C) Alkyl groups (like $-CH_3$) are electron-donating groups.They exhibit the inductive effect ($+I$ effect) and hyperconjugation.Hyperconjugation involves the delocalization of $\sigma$-electrons of the $C-H$ bond into the $\pi$-system of the benzene ring.This increases the electron density at the ortho $(o-)$ and para $(p-)$ positions,making them $o-$ and $p-$ directing.

Alkyl groups are $o-$ and $p-$ directing due to ..........

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