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(B) The extraction of $Pb$ (lead) from its ore galena $(PbS)$ is primarily carried out by the self-reduction process (also known as air reduction). In

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Self-reduction and Carbon reduction

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(B) The extraction of $Pb$ (lead) from its ore galena $(PbS)$ is primarily carried out by the self-reduction process (also known as air reduction). In this process,$PbS$ is partially roasted to form $PbO$,which then reacts with the remaining $PbS$ to produce $Pb$ metal: $2PbS + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2PbO + 2SO_2$ and $PbS + 2PbO \rightarrow 3Pb + SO_2$. The extraction of $Sn$ (tin) from its ore cassiterite $(SnO_2)$ is carried out by carbon reduction,where $SnO_2$ is heated with coke (carbon) in a furnace: $SnO_2 + 2C \rightarrow Sn + 2CO$.

Which methods are used for the extraction of $Pb$ and $Sn$ from their respective ores?

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