$(1)$ Definition / Explanation: Chiasmata
$(2)$ Definition / Explanation: Syncytium
$(2)$ Definition / Explanation: Syncytium
(N/A) $(1)$ During the diplotene phase of meiosis-$I$,the homologous chromosomes begin to separate from each other except at the sites of crossovers. These $X$-shaped structures are called chiasmata.
$(2)$ In some organisms,karyokinesis (nuclear division) is not followed by cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division),as a result of which a multinucleate condition arises,leading to the formation of a syncytium.
$(2)$ In some organisms,karyokinesis (nuclear division) is not followed by cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division),as a result of which a multinucleate condition arises,leading to the formation of a syncytium.
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