Explain $DNA$ fingerprinting in detail.

(N/A) The technique of identifying the specific sequence of nucleotides in $DNA$ that is unique to each individual is known as $DNA$ fingerprinting.
To understand the genetic differences between two individuals or populations,one must know the $DNA$ sequence.
$DNA$ fingerprinting is a rapid method for comparing the sequences of two individuals.
In $DNA$ fingerprinting,differences are identified in specific regions of the $DNA$ sequence known as repetitive $DNA$,where a small segment of $DNA$ is repeated many times.
This repetitive $DNA$ is separated from the bulk genomic $DNA$ by density gradient centrifugation. The bulk $DNA$ forms a major peak,while other small peaks are formed,which are called satellite $DNA$.
Based on base composition ($A:T$ or $G:C$ richness),segment length,and the number of repetitive units,they are classified into microsatellites,minisatellites,etc.
These sequences do not code for any proteins but constitute a large portion of the human genome. They exhibit a high degree of polymorphism,which is the basis of $DNA$ fingerprinting.
$DNA$ obtained from any tissue of an individual,such as blood,hair,skin,bones,saliva,or sperm,shows the same type of polymorphism. This is useful as a significant identification tool in forensic applications. This polymorphism is inherited from parents to offspring; therefore,it is an accurate method for resolving paternity disputes.