Explain retention,inversion,and racemization with an example of $CH_3CH(X)C_2H_5$.

(N/A) When a bond attached to an asymmetric (chiral) carbon is broken,three outcomes are possible depending on the spatial arrangement of the product.
For example,in $CH_3CH(X)C_2H_5$,the central carbon is chiral. When the $C-X$ bond breaks and a $C-Y$ bond forms,the following three possibilities arise:
$(a)$ Retention:
$(i)$ If the product obtained is only compound $(A)$,the process is called retention of configuration.
$(ii)$ In retention,the spatial arrangement of the reactant and product $(A)$ remains the same,with the $C-Y$ bond occupying the same position in space as the $C-X$ bond.
$(iii)$ The product formed by retention is optically active.
$(b)$ Inversion:
$(i)$ If the product obtained is only compound $(B)$,the process is called inversion of configuration.
$(ii)$ In inversion,the spatial arrangement is not the same as the reactant. The $C-Y$ bond is in the opposite direction relative to the $C-X$ bond.
$(iii)$ The product formed by inversion is optically active,but the sign of optical rotation is reversed (e.g.,$(+) \rightarrow (-)$ or $(-) \rightarrow (+)$).
$(c)$ Racemization:
$(i)$ If the product obtained is a $50:50$ mixture of $(A)$ and $(B)$,the process is called racemization.
$(ii)$ Racemization involves the formation of a $1:1$ mixture of two products with opposite spatial configurations.
$(iii)$ The resulting mixture is optically inactive because the optical rotation of one isomer is cancelled by the equal and opposite rotation of the other.