How many reactions of aryl halides with metals are there? Explain with examples.
(N/A) There are three main reactions of aryl halides with metals: $(a)$ Wurtz-Fittig reaction,$(b)$ Fittig reaction,and $(c)$ Grignard reaction.
$(a)$ Wurtz-Fittig reaction: When a mixture of an alkyl halide and an aryl halide is treated with sodium metal in dry ether,an alkylarene is formed. This is known as the Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
Example: $C_6H_5X + RX + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5R + 2NaX$
$(b)$ Fittig reaction: When aryl halides are treated with sodium metal in dry ether,two aryl groups join together to form diaryl compounds. This is known as the Fittig reaction.
Example: $2C_6H_5X + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5-C_6H_5 + 2NaX$
$(c)$ Grignard reaction: Aryl halides react with magnesium metal in the presence of dry ether to form aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagents).
Example: $C_6H_5X + Mg \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5MgX$
$(a)$ Wurtz-Fittig reaction: When a mixture of an alkyl halide and an aryl halide is treated with sodium metal in dry ether,an alkylarene is formed. This is known as the Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
Example: $C_6H_5X + RX + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5R + 2NaX$
$(b)$ Fittig reaction: When aryl halides are treated with sodium metal in dry ether,two aryl groups join together to form diaryl compounds. This is known as the Fittig reaction.
Example: $2C_6H_5X + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5-C_6H_5 + 2NaX$
$(c)$ Grignard reaction: Aryl halides react with magnesium metal in the presence of dry ether to form aryl magnesium halides (Grignard reagents).
Example: $C_6H_5X + Mg \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5MgX$
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