State whether the following statements are true or false:
$(a)$ Momentum and the change in momentum are always in the same direction.
$(b)$ Action force and reaction force always act simultaneously and on the same body.
$(c)$ The maximum static frictional force depends on the area of the contact surface.

In the following problem,indicate the correct direction of the friction force acting on the cylinder,which is pulled on a rough surface by a constant force $F$. $A$ spool is pulled horizontally by a constant force $F$ applied below the center of mass. Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the direction of the friction force?

Two blocks of masses in the ratio $m:n$ are connected by a light inextensible string passing over a frictionless fixed pulley. If the system of the blocks is released from rest, then the acceleration of the centre of mass of the system of the blocks is ($g$ = acceleration due to gravity).

$A$ truck of mass $M$ is at rest on a frictionless road when a monkey of mass $m$ starts moving on the truck in the forward direction. If the truck recoils with a speed $v$ backward on the road,with what velocity is the monkey moving with respect to the truck?

$A$ block of mass $m$ is on an inclined plane of angle $\theta$. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is $\mu$ and $\tan \theta > \mu$. The block is held stationary by applying a force $P$ parallel to the plane. The direction of force pointing up the plane is taken to be positive. As $P$ is varied from $P_1 = mg(\sin \theta - \mu \cos \theta)$ to $P_2 = mg(\sin \theta + \mu \cos \theta)$,the frictional force $f$ versus $P$ graph will look like:

$A$ helicopter of mass $2000 \,kg$ rises with a vertical acceleration of $15 \,m s^{-2}$. The total mass of the crew and passengers is $500 \,kg$. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the following (take $g = 10 \,m s^{-2}$):
$(a)$ Force on the floor of the helicopter by the crew and passengers.
$(b)$ Action of the rotor of the helicopter on the surrounding air.
$(c)$ Force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air.