When resources in the habitat become progressively limited,the growth pattern observed is.......?

In the population curve of India,nowadays,if $N$ represents the number of births and $M$ represents the number of deaths,which of the following relationships is observed?

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: The logistic growth model of populations is considered more realistic than the exponential growth model.
Reason $R$: Resources are finite.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The equation for population size change with a prolonged exponential phase can be converted into a logistic growth equation by multiplying it with:

$A$: Environmental resistance operates to slow down the exponential phase in logistic population growth.
$R$: $A$ crash phase does not occur in this population.

When an animal population becomes too large for its food source or habitat,its members starve and die,but humans escape this disaster by: