$A$ cylindrical conductor of diameter $0.1 \text{ mm}$ carries a current of $90 \text{ mA}$. The current density (in $\text{Am}^{-2}$) is (take $\pi \simeq 3$):

  • A
    $1.2 \times 10^{7}$
  • B
    $2.4 \times 10^{7}$
  • C
    $3 \times 10^{6}$
  • D
    $6 \times 10^{6}$

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$A$ copper wire of length $1 \ m$ and radius $1 \ mm$ is connected in series with an iron wire of length $2 \ m$ and radius $3 \ mm$. If a current flows through both wires,the ratio of the current density in the copper wire to that in the iron wire will be:

$(a)$ Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area $1.0 \times 10^{-7} \; m^{2}$ carrying a current of $1.5 \; A$. Assume that each copper atom contributes roughly one conduction electron. The density of copper is $9.0 \times 10^{3} \; kg/m^{3}$ and its atomic mass is $63.5 \; u$.
$(b)$ Compare the drift speed obtained above with,$(i)$ thermal speeds of copper atoms at ordinary temperatures,$(ii)$ speed of propagation of electric field along the conductor which causes the drift motion.

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