$A$ fish in water (refractive index $n$) looks at a bird vertically above in the air. If $y$ is the height of the bird and $x$ is the depth of the fish from the surface,then the distance of the bird as estimated by the fish is

White light consists of wavelengths ranging from $480 \,nm$ to $672 \,nm$. What will be the wavelength range when white light is passed through glass of refractive index $1.6$?

Light travels through a glass plate of thickness $t$ and having refractive index $n$. If $c$ is the velocity of light in vacuum,the time taken by the light to travel this thickness of glass is

Light of wavelength $\lambda$ in air enters a medium of refractive index $\mu$. Two points in this medium,lying along the path of this light,are at a distance $x$ apart. The phase difference between these points is:

Blue light travelling in a vacuum has a wavelength of $450 \ nm$. It enters a medium whose refractive index is $1.5$. What is its frequency in the medium? $(Speed of light in vacuum = 3 \times 10^8 \ m \ s^{-1})$

$A$ light ray is incident on a transparent sphere of refractive index $\mu = \sqrt{2}$ at an angle of incidence $i = 45^{\circ}$. What is the total deviation of a ray that enters the sphere,undergoes two internal reflections,and then refracts out into the air (in $^{\circ}$)?