Through which process does the nuclear $DNA$ transfer genetic information to $RNA$?

The $DNA$ strand on which $DNA$-dependent $RNA$ polymerase catalyzes transcription is called:

What does $X$ represent in the following diagram?

Which one of the following processes is exclusively concerned with transcription?

Spliceosomes are not found in cells of

What do the processes $1$ and $2$ represent in the following sequence?
$TAC \, AAG \, GCG \, AUA \, CGA$
$\downarrow (1)$
$AUG \, UUC \, CGC \, UAU \, GCU$
$\downarrow (2)$
$Met - Phe - Arg - Tyr - Ala$