In heartwood,the conduction of sap is mostly | vedclass

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(B) Heartwood $(duramen)$ is the older,non-functional part of the secondary xylem. As the tree ages,the inner vessels and tracheids of the secondary x

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Deposition of various substances by tyloses

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(B) Heartwood $(duramen)$ is the older,non-functional part of the secondary xylem. As the tree ages,the inner vessels and tracheids of the secondary xylem become blocked by the ingrowth of parenchyma cells into the vessel lumen through the pits,known as $tyloses$. These $tyloses$ often become filled with tannins,resins,oils,gums,aromatic substances,and essential oils,which make the wood hard,durable,and resistant to microbial attack. Consequently,the conduction of sap is completely blocked in the heartwood.

In heartwood,the conduction of sap is mostly blocked due to the presence of:

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What is/are true about heartwood?
$I.$ It does not help in water conduction.
$II.$ It is also called alburnum.
$III.$ It is dark in colour but very soft.
$IV.$ It has tracheary elements,which are filled with tannin,resin,etc.

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