Which science presents the changes in the internal and external structure of plants from the perspective of evolution and phylogeny?

Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of $O$ to be positive,more negative,or less negative than the first? Justify your answer.

$CHO-(CHOH)_4-CH_2OH \xrightarrow{Br_2/H_2O} P$; $P$ is

$Ge$ and $Si$ diodes conduct at $0.3\,V$ and $0.7\,V$ respectively. In the following figure,if the $Ge$ diode connection is reversed,the value of $V_0$ changes by......$V$.

The logical statement $[\sim(\sim p \vee q) \vee (p \wedge r)] \wedge (\sim q \wedge r)$ is equivalent to

If the straight line $y=mx+c$ is parallel to the axis of the parabola $y^2=lx$ and intersects the parabola at $\left(\frac{c^2}{8}, c\right)$,then the length of the latus rectum is