When does efficiency decrease?

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(C) Efficiency $(\eta)$ is defined as the ratio of useful work output to the total energy input. In thermodynamic systems, efficiency is related to th

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When free energy increases

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(C) Efficiency $(\eta)$ is defined as the ratio of useful work output to the total energy input. In thermodynamic systems, efficiency is related to the change in free energy $(\Delta G)$. When free energy increases (i.e., energy is consumed or stored in a non-spontaneous process), the net useful work output relative to the input energy decreases, leading to a reduction in overall efficiency. Therefore, efficiency decreases when free energy increases.

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