The refractive index of the ionosphere:

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(B) The refractive index $(\mu)$ of the ionosphere depends on the electron density $(N)$ and the frequency $(f)$ of the radio wave. The relationship i

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Decreases as we move from the lower layer to the upper layer of the ionosphere.

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(B) The refractive index $(\mu)$ of the ionosphere depends on the electron density $(N)$ and the frequency $(f)$ of the radio wave. The relationship is given by $\mu = \sqrt{1 - \frac{81N}{f^2}}$.As we move from the lower layer to the upper layer of the ionosphere, the electron density $(N)$ increases.Since $\mu = \sqrt{1 - \frac{81N}{f^2}}$, an increase in $N$ leads to a decrease in the value of $\mu$.Therefore, the refractive index of the ionosphere decreases as we move from the lower layer to the upper layer.

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